Apostolos P. Georgopoulos, MD PhD
Director, Brain Sciences CenterBrain Sciences Center (BSC)
Regents Professor, University of Minnesota
American Legion Brain Sciences Chair, University of Minnesota
McKnight Presidential Chair in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Minnesota
Professor of Neuroscience, Neurology, and Psychiatry, University of Minnesota
Elected Member, National Academy of Medicine (2004)
Elected Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2002)
Editoral Board, Vaccines
Researcher, Minneapolis VA Medical CenterVA Medical Center (VAMC)
omega@umn.edu
Education
MD, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
PhD, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Specialty/Focus
Human Leukocyte AntigenHuman Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)Genes that are located in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) of chromosome 6 and play a central role in immune recognition. Most investigations of association of HLA to various diseases have focused on evaluating HLA allele frequencies in diseases of interest, as compared to the general, healthy population. Such studies have demonstrated HLA involvement with cancer, autoimmune, and in- fectious diseases. HLA Class I proteins (HLA-A, B, C) are expressed on all nucleated cells and present peptides from endogenous proteins to cytotoxic T lymphocytes engaged in immune surveillance. HLA Class II proteins (HLA-DRB1, DRB3/4/5, DQB1, DPB1) are expressed on antigen-presenting cells and present peptides derived from exogenous proteins to CD4+helper T cells. A previous study of Gulf War syndrome in 27 veterans found that HLA DRB1*15 was more prevalent in cases than controls with an odds ratio of 1.66, although this association was not statistically significant.
Vaccines
Gulf War IllnessGulf War Illness (GWI)Shortly after the Gulf War (1990-91), veterans started to report a variety of health problems that began during, or soon after returning from, deployment, prompting investigation into the epidemiology and etiology of the complaints. Those investigations revealed that diffuse symptoms such as fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, mood and neurocognitive complaints, gastrointestinal problems, and rashes were most commonly reported. The constellation of symptoms, now commonly referred to as Gulf War Illness (GWI), has affected a substantial number of Gulf War veterans. Several population-based studies have demonstrated that these symptoms occur at significantly higher rates in deployed Gulf War veterans relative to their nondeployed peers and other veterans, raising the issue about possible in-theater exposures and stress as contributing factors. However, these symptoms are also present in non-deployed military personnel, leading some to suspect other causes, including reactions to vaccine adjuvants. In summary, GWI is now a recognized constellation of symptoms of unclear etiology, also co-occurring with psychiatric disorders.
Dementia
Healthy Brain Aging
Magnetoencephalography
Neural mechanisms of cognitive processes
Neurophysiology of motor control and cognition
Functional MRI of motor and cognitive processes
Publications
Pages:
1March 2024 through July 2022 •
2June 2022 through February 2021 •
3February 2021 through October 2019 •
4September 2019 through November 2016 •
5November 2016 through January 2014 •
6June 2013 through January 2010 •
7November 2009 through December 2006 •
8June 2006 through July 2004 •
9April 2004 through October 2001 •
10July 2001 through March 1999 •
11January 1999 through July 1996 •
12June 1996 through March 1994 •
13January 1994 through December 1991 •
14December 1991 through August 1988 •
15August 1988 through August 1983 •
16March 1983 through July 1975Cerebral cortical mechanisms of copying geometrical shapes: a multidimensional scaling analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance ImagingFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)A functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.[citation needed] The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to ionising radiation, etc. patterns of activation Experimental Brain Research (2009, April) Tzagarakis C, Jerde T, Lewis S, Ugurbil K, & Georgopoulos AP P2-027: Association of cognitive deficits with Synchronous Neural InteractionsSynchronous Neural Interactions (SNI)Zero-lag partial correlations in pairs of MEG time series and denote the strength and polarity (positive or negative) of neuronal interactions. Anomalies in SNIs as assessed by MEG differentiate psychiatric disorders from healthy brain functioning and can discriminate among various brain diseases. From this research, a highly distinctive, unique PTSD SNI signature characterized by miscommunication of temporal and parietal and/or parieto-occipital right hemispheric areas with other brain areas has emerged. These findings, in addition to the growing research applying MEG to other psychiatric disorders, highlight the utility of MEG in identifying biomarkers of disease and underscore the potential for broader clinical applications of MEG. as revealed by magnetoencephalography: A canonical correlation analysis Alzheimer's & Dementia (2008, July) Karageorgiou E, Lewis S, McCarten JR, Leuthold A, Hemmy LS, McPherson SE, Rottunda SJ, & Georgopoulos AP A voxel-by-voxel parametric fMRIFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)A functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.[citation needed] The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to ionising radiation, etc. study of motor mental rotation: hemispheric specialization and gender differences in neural processing efficiency Experimental Brain Research (2008, July) Christova P, Lewis S, Tagaris GA, Ugurbil K, & Georgopoulos AP Ultra-high field parallel imaging of the superior parietal lobule during mental maze solving Experimental Brain Research (2008, June) Jerde T, Lewis S, Goerke Ute, Gourtzelidis P, Tzagarakis C, Lynch J, Moeller S, Van de Moortele PF, Adriany G, Trangle J, Ugurbil K, & Georgopoulos AP SNISynchronous Neural Interactions (SNI)Zero-lag partial correlations in pairs of MEG time series and denote the strength and polarity (positive or negative) of neuronal interactions. Anomalies in SNIs as assessed by MEG differentiate psychiatric disorders from healthy brain functioning and can discriminate among various brain diseases. From this research, a highly distinctive, unique PTSD SNI signature characterized by miscommunication of temporal and parietal and/or parieto-occipital right hemispheric areas with other brain areas has emerged. These findings, in addition to the growing research applying MEG to other psychiatric disorders, highlight the utility of MEG in identifying biomarkers of disease and underscore the potential for broader clinical applications of MEG. assessed by magnetoencephalography: a functional biomarker for brain disorders Journal of Neural Engineering (2007, August) Georgopoulos AP, Karageorgiou E, Leuthold A, Lewis S, Lynch J, Alonso A, Aslam Z, Carpenter A, Georgopoulos A, Hemmy LS, Koutlas I, Langheim F, McCarten JR, McPherson SE, Pardo J, Pardo P, Parry GJ, Rottunda SJ, Segal BM, Sponheim S, Stanwyck JJ, Stephane M, & Westermeyer JJ Paving the way for cross-site pooling of Magnetoencephalography Magnetoencephalography (MEG)A noninvasive technique that detects magnetic fields above the surface of the head produced by postsynaptic potentials in the brain. data International Congress Series (2007, June) Weisend MP, Hanlon FM, Montano R, Ahlfors SP, Leuthold A, Pantazis D, Mosher JC, Georgopoulos AP, Hamalainen MS, & Aine CJ